Reduction of PPF alters the plant s photosynthetic-respiratory balance resulting in lower carbohydrate levels compared to grasses grown in open sun (Blackman and Templemen, 1940).
和生長在開放陽光下的草坪相比,整體來說減少光合作用分子通量,改變了植物的光合呼吸系統,降低碳水化合物的含量(Blackman and Templemen, 1940).
Changes in PPF initiate altered leaf size and structure, chloroplast ultra-structure, and photosynthetic and respiratory metabolism (Smith, 1982).