Catastrophe comes from a Greek word meaning "overturn."
It originally referred to the disastrous finish of a drama, usually a tragedy.
The definition was extended to mean "any sudden disaster" in the 1700s.
Nowadays, catastrophe can be used to refer to very tragic events as well as more minor ones.
A hurricane destroying hundreds of homes is certainly a catastrophe; baking a birthday cake without following a recipe might also result in catastrophe, if you don't know anything about cooking.